前言：
在营销实战中，我们无可选择的要与大量的渠道客户打交道。很多销售人员每次从市场上回来，都是一个字：累！身心疲惫！渠道太难对付了。
有的销售经理曾说过：干了一辈子销售，就从没见到渠道满意过。很多业务员总是说：市场很平静啊，怎么忽然不卖我们的产品了呢？或者说：竟争激烈的很，竞品都在搞促销，很多客户都不愿卖我们的产品了。
这里面反映结果是：要么你对市场不敏感，对客户传递的信息没有及时接收；或者你对市场没有判断力，对客户传递的纷乱信息不能鉴别。
一句话，你没能掌握渠道心理。
那么渠道都有哪些心理呢，让我们来总结一下：
一．追求优惠的心理
商人逐利而为，追求优惠是所有商人最正常、最普遍的心理，但由于中国人的含蓄，没有人会直接给你讲明，他们总是通过一些巧妙的问题来传递这个信号，业务人员要捕捉到这些信号背后的目的。
比如平时对你爱理不理的一位老板今天非常热情的招呼你。那可要小心，因为她想问你要礼品。
有客户给你说：近期有个终端要开业，潜力非常大。这是在寻求你的支持。
当客户给你报怨说：生意难做，不赚钱的时候，如果你的产品是市场上的主导产品，这可是个非常危险的信号。这说明两个问题：可能是想向你要促销；也可能有竞品在与这个客户接触。要从侧面打探一下信息。
当你送货的时候，客户明明可以下五件货，他却只下两件货，是什么意思呢？想要点优惠呗。
当你的产品原来有利的堆放位置被竞品抢占了，不要吵，如果不是你长时间没来，肯定是竞品给了客户更多的好处。
当你铺货的时候，无论你的产品是什么样的价格，客户都会说价格高。他总能说出比你价格低的产品，也能说出比你促销品多的产品。
顾客追求优惠的心理是永无止境的，也是永远无法满足的，做为业务人员，我们该怎么办呢？这里有些技巧可以应对：
1.当客户问你要礼品的时候，无论你有没有，都不要害怕，心理一定要踏实，但表面上一定显得很报歉，并承诺下次来的时候一定带（记住要兑现），因为你的拜访是有周期的可以有充足的时间准备。送礼品要“多次，少给”，经常去，隔三差五的给一点，礼品多的时候一定分开放，不能暴露。不要与老板在礼品的话题上纠缠过多，很快把话题转移到你关心的问题上来。
2.客户问你要支持的时候，你不能拒绝，你要提出相应的条件（如一次性进多少货，或订个短期销售合同），他不能满足你的条件，自然不会再提要求了。而且这种情况，一定要向领导汇报，在组织内备案，以免他向其它人提相同的问题，回答不一致。
3.认真关注主要竞品的动向，这从客户的语言里，商品的库存变化和展示变化都能反映出这样的的信息，要保持高度敏感，果断采取措施。
4.相信客户说的都是真的，客户的话不能不信，也不能轻信，要一一核实，对于有疑问的信息，不要拒绝也不轻易赞同，调查后再回复并且一定要回复客户。
二．挑挑毛病的心理
客户总爱拿你的缺点和竞品的优点相比较，要么说你价格高，或者没名气，或者没促销，或者质量差，或者服务跟不上，总能挑出毛病来。
这是很多客户应对供应商的策略，即在心理上打击你，在势气上压住你。因为和客户的每一单生意或每一次沟通都是一次谈判过程，打击了你的自信心，你才能让步，他就能达到目的。
据说沃尔玛最擅此道，一般的供应商前两次约见或拜访都见不到人，第三次见到了，只给几分钟的交流时间，第四次见面，对你的产品和服务狠批一通，最后让你主动让步，增加优惠条件。
对于客户挑毛病，我们要坦然、谦虚、心平气和、不亢不卑。从不反对客户的指责，但要把自己的优势和卖点说出来，耐心的解释，用我们的优点对比竞品的缺点。学会用“是的，你说的对……不过”句式回答客户。而且你对市场特别是竞品了解越透彻，越容易应对客户的挑剔。
三．独家销售的心理
很多客户都希望在一定范围内独家销售，特别是县城和乡镇客户。因为商家竞争也很激烈，独家销售可以控制价格和利润。但除非采取分销模式，一般情况供应商都不会让一家客户经销产品的，除非你有足够的实力。
对于客户的这种心理我们首先要讲道理：市场要大家一起做才能做起来，一家独做看似利润高，但没销量，还会流失客源。其次，给实力大的客户多一点的礼品，采取差别政策，以使多家客户都能销售。或者先从小户入手铺货，然后采取夸张式的促销，造成旺销局面，刺激其它客户要货。更多的时候我们是先让一部分客户销售，放弃一部分，让铺货率达到60—70%即可。再慢慢寻找机会扩大份额。
四．从众心理销售心理
许多中小客户有很强的从众心理，自己不敢担风险，别人进货，他也进，别人不进他也不进。
对于这种心理，我们先找有号召力的客户进货，哪怕条件放宽一点（告诉他只有他有这种待遇，其它客户都不享受，让他保密），然后下货的时候，动静搞大点，让其它客户看到，就好办了，所谓擒贼先擒王，一呼百应。我曾经在一个乡镇上推销方便面，先找到该条街上最有号召力的张老板，好说歹说，就是不要，我们用尽所有可能的办法他都不要。最后我说：
“张哥，我先下20件放你门口行不行？”
“不要钱也不要，屋里没地方”
“张哥，不是下给你，就放门口放一会，等一会我再拉走。”
“那行，丢了我可不管”
“哈哈，没问题，在你张老板的门口还会丢？”
就这样我们在张老板门口放20件货，堆的老高很醒目，然后到这条街上其它商户家推销：
“你看，张老板都下了，能不好卖吗？下几件吧”，没费太多功夫，一条街十来家客户几乎都要了，一百多件方便面很快铺完了，而且是现款。
最后，我们又回到张老板那里：“张哥，你看，人家都要了，你是老大，咋说也得给点面子啊，这还能让拉回去吗？张老板看到人家都要货了，也搞不明白怎么回事，也不好意思再拒绝，只好说，“好，好，留十件吧”。
五．设法探寻市场信息的心理
客户打探市场信息的欲望都很强烈，我们的脑子里要装满各种各样的信息，宏观的、微观的，隔三差五的给客户透露点“有价值”的信息，让客户信任你，你也能得到你想要的信息，但绝不能传递虚假信息。有时客户会故意问你：现在有十赠一政策，是吧，某某某说的。千万不要找某某某核实。这是客户担心享受不到优惠政策故意诈你的。有时客户会对你说：张三家生意非常好，一天都送几百件货。这其实想从你口中打探张三的消息，不能当真。
六．炫耀心理
很多客户都爱在厂方人员面前表现自己卖的好，卖的快。目的是得到厂方的重视，获得更多优惠。如果关系熟了，他还会和你谈他的小孩，谈他的小狗（包括其它宠物），谈他的爱车，等等他认为得意的事情。这是增加感情、鼓励客户的好时机，一定要附和他的话题，适当的赞美。这样你不仅能销售产品，还能得到朋友。
七．害怕对门和邻居的心理
有句话说，远亲不如近邻，近邻不如对门。但在商户之间却不是这样，有50%以上的客户与相邻或对门的竞争者不能处好关系，有70%的商户对相邻或对门的竞争者保持警惕和担心。这是激烈的竞争导致的。
因此我们在商户密集的区域铺货时要注意客户这种微妙的心理和客观的市场形态。在相邻的客户之间铺货一定小心谨慎，防止无意中得罪客户。所以如果客户问你：隔壁批发部要吗？你不能轻易回答：要，也不能轻易回答：没要，而要根据情况判断：如果两家实力相当，则相排斥的概率大，如果两家实力过于悬殊，则跟随的概率大。
如果你不能判断两家的关系，则如下两种回答更合适些：
1、“我还没到他家铺货，以你优先”。
2、“他说要，我还没给他，先给你，你说咋铺就咋铺”。
一般来说，在一家较有规模的客户铺过以后，不要立即到他的对门那里再铺。当然，这种心理也可为我们利用，如果有客户提出的条件过高，铺不进去货，那我们就在他对门、邻居家铺，而且搞点促销，分他的客源，逼迫就范。
八．警惕心理
我们总被告知：不要和陌生人说话。那些客户也是这样，对上门的业务员总是心存戒备。他不了解你的底细，不敢和你打交道，他关心的问题：赚不赚钱，好不好卖，卖不掉怎么办，这些还没有得到答案，所以他与你说话很谨慎，也不会买你的货。
比如，你问：“老板在吗”？他通常是看看你：“老板不在（其实他就是老板）”。所以有经验的业务员总是问：“老板你好（管他是不是老板）”，而不问：“老板在吗”？。如果他回答“我不是老板”，你就说：“骗人，我看你就是老板”。
“我真不是，我是打工的”
“那你早晚也会当老板，老板在哪儿呢？”这时候他就会告诉你老板在哪里。开心啊。我们经常遇到这样的情况：“老板，我们这是新产品，有促销，很赚钱的”
“没听说过，没人买”
“这是中国名牌，中央台正做广告呢，都知道的。”
“价格太高了”
“不高，比某某牌还便宜呢？”
“这里的人就认某某牌，卖不掉咋办”
“我们的产品包退、包换的”
“我到哪找你去”
“我们就在某某路某某号”
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